(2015), Mortality, Hospitalizations, and Expenditures for the Medicare Population Aged 65 Years or Older, 1999–2013, „Journal of the American Medical Association”, vol. Krumholz H., Nuti S., Downing N., Normand S., Wang Y. (2000), Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates, „Statistics in Medicine 2000”, vol.

(2013), Widening socioeconomic differences in mortality among men aged 65 years and older in Germany, „Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health”, vol. GUS (2015), Podstawowe informacje o rozwoju demograficznym Polski do 2014 roku, Warszawa. GUS (2014c), Trwanie życia w 2013 r., Warszawa, ‑tematyczne/ludnosc/trwanie‑zycia/trwanie‑zycia‑w–2013‑r‑,2,8.html. GUS (2014b), Sytuacja demograficzna osób starszych i konsekwencje starzenia się ludności Polski w świetle prognozy na lata 2014–2050, Warszawa. GUS (2014a), Rocznik demograficzny 2014, Warszawa. (2010), Mortality and morbidity trends: is there compression of morbidity?, „Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences”, vol. Google ScholarĬrimmins E., Beltrán‑Sánchez H. (2016), Factors determining the use of social support services among elderly people living in a city environment in Poland, „Health and Social Care in the Community”, vol. Google Scholarīurzyńska M., Bryła M., Bryła P., Maniecka‑Bryła I. (2013), Self‑rated quality of life of city‑dwelling elderly people benefitting from social help: results of a cross‑sectional study, „Health and Quality of Life Outcomes”, vol. Despite the observed decline in mortality rates, excess mortality of men aged 65 and more did not change significantly over the period of 1999 to 2013, and principally was due to: malignant neoplasms, diseases of the respiratory system and external causes.īryła M., Burzyńska M., Maniecka‑Bryła I. The greatest rate of change (2.5% per year) was recorded in years 1999–2007 in the age group of 70–74 years. Excess mortality rate of males aged 65 and more reached the highest values (2.2–2.6) throughout the considered period in the age group 65–69 years, while the lowest (1.1–1.3) were observed in the interval of 85 years and more. Compared to 1999, the largest decline in mortality rate, among both males and females, was observed for cardiovascular diseases. A similar distribution of causes was observed among women, where the rates were as follows, respectively: 270.1 82.9 32.0 19.6 11.2. Among males the rates (per 10.000) were as follows: cardiovascular diseases (301.2), malignant neoplasms (160.2), diseases of the respiratory system (56.0), diseases of the digestive system (24.4) and external causes (19.4). Our calculations enabled to identify the most important causes of death for people aged 65 and more in 2013. Average annual percentage rates of changes were estimated. An analysis of time trends was performed with the use of joinpoint models. In addition, specific mortality rates according to the causes of death based on ICD–10 and the excess mortality rates were calculated. The European population was adopted as a standard. Standardization was carried out using the direct method. Crude death rates among males and females were calculated. A complete database of deaths registered in the Lodz region in the period 1999–2013 (471.397) constituted our empirical material.

The paper aims to analyse the trends in mortality of men and women aged 65 and more in the Lodz region in the period 1999–2013, with particular emphasis on the phenomenon of excess male mortality. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical University of Lodzĭepartment of Social Medicine, Medical University of LodzĮxcess male mortality, population aged 65, time trends, Lodz region Abstract

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